A thorough evaluation of the rubber mixture showed significant improvements through the inclusion of polyol, starch ether, and zinc powder. Previously, difficulties regarding manufacturing & mechanical behavior were addressed by optimizing each additive concentration. Notably, polyol acted as a softener, enhancing low-temperature flexibility plus r

A thorough evaluation of the rubber formulation revealed important benefits through intelligent addition of PPG, modified starch, and ZnO. Previously, problems related to manufacturing plus physical properties were addressed by adjusting individual additive concentration. In particular, PPG acted as a flexibilizer, increasing flexibility at low tem